The ISS will be deorbited in 2030. These commercial space stations are here to fill the void

French astronauts Thomas Pesquet and Arnaud Prost speak to an audience ahead of departure for the ISS, at the presidential Elysee Palace in Paris on Feb. 5. Photo by LUDOVIC MARIN /POOL/AFP via Getty Images

Article content

The race to replace the ageing International Space Station is heating up after U.S. company Vast announced a mission to fly an astronaut to its planned Haven-1 station next year.

Article content

If the repeatedly delayed Haven-1 is launched into orbit as scheduled in early 2027, it will become history’s first commercial space station, beating out several competitors.

Article content

Article content

It would also mark a post-ISS era for humanity’s presence in space, as the West seeks independence from Russian space operations due to the war in Ukraine.

Article content

Article content

After a quarter of a century being continuously inhabited, the ISS is scheduled to be deorbited in 2030.

Article content

Article content

On Tuesday, Vast became the first aerospace company to announce a crewed mission to its future station.

Article content

This is an important milestone in a new era in crewed spaceflight that is less expensive — and less reliant on Russia, Vast CEO Max Haot told AFP in an interview.

Article content

‘Attractive prices’

Article content

French astronaut Arnaud Prost “is joining us on the crew of the inaugural mission of what will be the world’s first operational commercial space station when it launches next year”, Haot said.

Article content

On board Haven-1, Prost will be tasked with carrying out tests ahead of scientific experiments, which will be similar to those conducted on the ISS, he explained.

Article content

The privately funded station will have a single module, compared to 16 currently on the ISS.

Article content

During its three years in orbit, it will “host four two-week missions,” Haot said.

Article content

Vast has bigger plans for its replacement.

Article content

A close-up view of the International Space Station, photographed in 2011. The ISS is scheduled to be deorbited in 2030. NASA/AFP via Getty Images

Article content

Haven-2 will eventually have nine modules, but the company plans to deploy them gradually over time.

Article content

This will mean the modules cost “five to 10 times lower” than those for the ISS, which often exceeded a billion dollars, Haot said.

Article content

Article content

“This will allow us to increase the number of crewed flights and offer more attractive prices to our customers,” he added.

Article content

Article content

“We hope to launch three modules per year for our future station — and that at least one module will be launched by a European rocket.”

Article content

The company aims to have four modules in space by 2030, which would support six-month missions on board.

Article content

Other U.S. aerospace companies also have plans to launch commercial space stations, including Axiom Space and Amazon billionaire Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin.

Article content

The California-based Vast, which was founded in 2021 by cryptocurrency billionaire Jed McCaleb, acknowledges it entered the race late.

Article content

But the company now claims to be two years ahead of its rivals, citing contracts with NASA.

Article content

European HQ

Article content

Also on Tuesday, Vast announced a mission to send French astronaut Thomas Pesquet to the ISS next year. The company also plans to open its European headquarters in Paris.

Article content

For both new missions, Vast will use SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and Dragon 2 capsule to get the astronauts into space.

Article content

When asked about relying on billionaire Elon Musk’s company, Haot said SpaceX’s “unique” approach emphasised “speed and rocket reusability”.

Article content

“It’s a model for everyone — and it’s the future of space,” he said.

Article content

“If SpaceX had not succeeded in creating Dragon, Vast would not exist. And the United States and Europe would still be dependent on Russia to send humans into space.”

Article content

Despite many international cooperation agreements falling apart after Moscow invaded Ukraine in 2022, the United States and other ISS partners have continued working with Russia on the space station.

Article content