Loon populations in decline across much of Canada: study

Researchers found fewer chicks were being raised each year when compared to previous decades

Published Oct 23, 2026  •  Last updated 6 minutes ago  •  1 minute read

A common loon chick hitches a ride on the back of its parent. Photo by FotoRequest /Adobe Stock

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The common loon appears to be less common in many places across Canada.

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That’s according to new research published in Canadian science journal FACETS this week.

The iconic waterbirds, famously featured on the dollar coin since it was introduced in 1987, are declining not only in Canada – which represents about 94% of the total population based on approximately 254,000 breeding pairs – but in much of the United States as well.

Scientists collected data from more than 4,000 volunteers in Birds Canada’s Canadian Lakes Loon Survey across nine provinces – Prince Edward Island was not part of the research – and U.S. states Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Vermont, New York, Wisconsin, and Washington.

Fewer chicks being raised

Researchers found fewer chicks were being raised each year when compared to previous decades, based on tracking about 30 years of loon productivity on 3,421 lakes. Productivity is the number of young produced per territorial pair.

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More specifically, there were significant breeding declines in seven regions, slight downward trends in four others, and a marginal increase in Maine.

“Although productivity is only one of three demographic parameters that dictate the stability of a population, long-term decreases in productivity could signal looming population declines in Ontario, the Prairie, and Atlantic provinces, New York, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire,” wrote the study’s authors.

Loons are a top predator in freshwater areas but are also exposed to high levels of environmental pollutants like mercury.

Difficult to get overall picture

The authors cautioned that, based on the regional focus of most studies showing population increases and declines, it is difficult to get an overall picture of loon productivity.

A 2013 study said loon productivity across southern Canada decreased by 14% between 1992 and 2010.

“Achieving a broader understanding of productivity, and the factors influencing it, across the breeding range, might enable us to recognize where population declines are occurring or are likely to occur,” the authors wrote.

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