How have countries around the world responded to the US-Israel war on Iran?

Sunday marks 100 days since the United States and Israel launched warfare connected Iran – a struggle that has triggered a planetary vigor situation and darkened the planetary economical outlook.

The war, which Iran has called an “unprovoked enactment of aggression”, has expanded to Gulf nations arsenic good arsenic Lebanon. A fragile ceasefire has been successful spot since April 8, but Israel has continued its violative successful Lebanon, sidesplitting much than 3,000 people.

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America’s European allies did not condemn the US-Israeli attacks, but declined to get progressive successful the warfare and expressed their absorption to authorities change. The Gulf countries besides condemned the Iranian attacks connected their territories.

Russia and China, the world’s second-largest economy, besides pushed backmost against the war.

Countries astir the satellite affected by rising lipid prices and marketplace volatility person called for a diplomatic solution to the conflict, with Pakistan playing a large relation successful mediating talks.

On Wednesday, Israel and Lebanon renewed the ceasefire agreed connected April 16. But that has not stopped Israel from carrying retired its attacks connected Lebanon, which Tehran has said are a usurpation of the April 8 ceasefire betwixt Washington and New Delhi.

As diplomacy to negociate a woody betwixt the warring parties drags on, we interruption down however the remainder of the satellite initially reacted to the war, however affected countries’ positions person evolved, and wherever they basal now.

(Al Jazeera)

The Gulf region

Gulf states person been caught up successful the warfare since it began connected February 28, with Iran launching rocket and drone strikes against US subject assets hosted connected their soil. But Gulf countries person accused Iran of besides targeting civilian sites, including airports and vigor facilities.

Hundreds of days into the war, sporadic attacks continue. Here’s however immoderate countries person been reacting.

Oman – As the main mediator of the US-Iran atomic talks, Oman initially expressed dismay erstwhile the warfare was launched portion atomic talks were nether way. Foreign Minister Badr Albusaidi said the struggle would not service US interests, nor the interests of planetary peace. Unlike different US allies successful the Gulf, specified arsenic Qatar, Bahrain and the UAE, Oman does not big US forces.

It was nevertheless dragged into the struggle erstwhile Iran launched a flurry of retaliatory attacks connected US subject assets and vigor infrastructure crossed the Gulf region. The Duqm commercialized port, located successful Al Wusta governorate successful cardinal Oman, was struck by 2 drones connected March 1. A substance vessel astatine the larboard was besides deed successful a drone onslaught 2 days later. The Salalah larboard successful the country’s westbound was deed astatine slightest doubly by drones. Two foreigners were killed successful a drone onslaught successful Sohar state connected March 13.

Iran, which has affable ties with Oman, has denied it was down the attacks.

In a March 18 article for the Economist, Albusaidi said the US has “lost power of its ain overseas policy” and accused Israel of persuading US President Donald Trump’s medication to spell to warfare with Iran. He besides said the struggle was a “catastrophe” and a “grave miscalculation”. Last month, Trump threatened Oman with subject unit if it got progressive successful the quality implicit entree to the Strait of Hormuz, a captious shipping way that Iran has choked disconnected during the conflict.

Qatar – When the warfare began, Qatar powerfully condemned Iran for firing missiles targeting its territory, which is location to the Al Udeid airbase that hosts US troops. Qatar expelled respective Iranian subject and diplomatic unit from the state pursuing an onslaught connected QatarEnergy’s liquefied earthy state (LNG) installation astatine Ras Laffan.

A long-range US AN/FPS-132 rocket early-warning radar successful Qatar was besides damaged by Iranian missiles.

Qatar has called for de-escalation and dialog to extremity the war. In a telephone call, Qatar’s Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani told Trump of the request to prioritise governmental and diplomatic solutions and dialog among each parties to consolidate determination information and stableness and spare the portion further hostility and escalation.

Trump expressed his appreciation for the relation played by the State of Qatar successful supporting Pakistan’s mediation efforts and strengthening channels of connection among the assorted parties.

Doha has been successful connection with Iranian officials. Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and its main negotiator, Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, visited Qatar successful May arsenic portion of diplomatic efforts to extremity the conflict.

United Arab Emirates (UAE) –  When the warfare began, the UAE’s Ministry of Defence condemned successful the “strongest terms” Iran’s attacks connected its territory, respective of which it said its aerial defences intercepted. It called the onslaught “a unsafe escalation and a cowardly enactment that threatens the information and information of civilians”, stressing that the UAE has the “full right” to respond.

According to a May 29 study by the Wall Street Journal, the UAE besides carried retired dozens of aerial strikes against Iran during the Israeli-US warfare connected Iran. The strikes were reportedly coordinated with the US and Israel, which provided the UAE with intelligence. The UAE has besides cracked down connected Iranians and Iranian businesses based successful the country.

Iranian authorities have, successful turn, progressively singled retired the UAE successful their war messaging, and person warned of stronger strikes against the state if the US and Israel resume their attacks. Among Gulf states, the UAE and Kuwait person frankincense acold borne the brunt of Iranian attacks.

Smoke rises from an Israeli airstrike that deed Burj al-Shamali colony adjacent the confederate larboard metropolis of Tyre successful Lebanon connected June 2, 2026 [Mohammed Zaatari/AP Photo]

Bahrain – When the warfare began, Bahrain, which hosts the United States Navy’s Fifth Fleet, called attacks connected its territory “treacherous”. It has since actively utilized its United Nations Security Council diplomacy to propulsion resolutions condemning Iran’s action. Bahrain’s efforts to walk a UN solution to unfastened the Strait of Hormuz failed owed to vetoes from China and Russia past month.

Kuwait – The country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs denounced the Iranian onslaught connected Kuwaiti ungraded arsenic a “flagrant violation” of planetary instrumentality and said it had the close to respond. As the warfare drags on, Kuwait has repeatedly travel nether Iranian drone attacks and warned that immoderate further escalation would lone deepen determination instability. Kuwait has blamed Iran for launching drone and rocket attacks past week. Iran said it targeted a US interests successful the country.

Saudi Arabia – Since the warfare began, Saudi Arabia has condemned successful the “strongest terms” the Iranian attacks connected Gulf Arab states and warned of “dire consequences”.

The state has besides condemned Iran’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, calling it a flagrant usurpation of planetary law. Riyadh has been capable to export lipid from its Red Sea ports, undercutting the Hormuz blockade.

According to a May 12 nonfiction by the Reuters quality agency, Saudi Arabia launched numerous, unpublicised strikes connected Iran successful retaliation for attacks carried retired successful the kingdom during the war. But the state has kept channels unfastened for discussions with Iran. Foreign ministers from some countries person regularly held telephone calls.

Iraq

Iraq, intimately allied with Iran since the overthrow of President Saddam Hussein successful the 2003 US-led invasion, condemned the US-Israel strikes connected Tehran portion actively trying to forestall its ain territory from being dragged into the conflict.

The state became a battleground betwixt the Iran-aligned Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) and the US. Iraqi equipped groups targeted determination countries arsenic good arsenic US installations wrong Iraq.

The PMF office successful Iraq’s capital, Baghdad, was targeted on with different Shia factions by US forces.

In March, Iranian forces besides launched an cognition targeting Kurdish groups successful the semi-autonomous Kurdish portion of bluish Iraq. Sporadic attacks connected the groups person continued since then.

Economic worries are besides weighing heavy aft Iraq’s Ministry of Oil successful March announced a lawsuit of unit majeure connected each oilfields developed by overseas lipid companies, citing disruptions to navigation done the Strait of Hormuz, which person halted astir of the country’s crude exports.

Iraq has struggled to equilibrium its ties amid rising hostilities betwixt Iran and the US and its determination allies. A US media study past period noted that Israel had clandestinely built 2 subject bases successful Iraq.

Turkiye

When the warfare began, Turkiye’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs called connected “all parties” to extremity the spiral of violence, which it stressed started with US-Israeli strikes connected Iran. “The events that began with Israel and the US attacking Iran, and continued with Iran targeting 3rd countries, are of a quality that risks the aboriginal of our portion and planetary stability,” said the ministry.

In May, however, a ⁠ballistic ⁠missile fired from Iran headed into ⁠Turkish airspace aft passing implicit Syria and Iraq, the Turkish Ministry of National Defence said, adding that it ⁠had been destroyed by NATO aerial defence systems.

Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs Hakan Fidan conveyed successful a telephone to his Iranian ⁠counterpart Ankara’s protestation implicit the breach of its territory, the Reuters quality bureau reported.

Fidan visited respective Gulf countries arsenic portion of Turkiye’s diplomatic efforts to extremity the war. He joined overseas ministers from Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Pakistan successful Islamabad connected March 29 to propulsion for diplomacy – and implicit a week later, Pakistan announced the ceasefire.

Turkiye’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has urged an extremity to the war. In May, helium told US President Trump that helium welcomes the hold of a US-Iran ceasefire and believes disputed issues betwixt the 2 sides tin beryllium resolved. The state has besides called for state of navigation successful the Strait of Hormuz.

Jordan

Since the commencement of the war, Iran has launched missiles and drones towards Jordanian territory, which hosts US bases similar the Muwaffaq Salti airbase. Iranian strikes targeted US aerial defence, outer connection systems and different assets successful Jordan. A radar for a US Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) rocket defence strategy sustained important harm successful Iranian attacks.

Jordan has repeatedly urged the warring parties to halt hostilities and called connected Israel to extremity its warfare connected Lebanon.

Egypt

Egypt has expressed heavy interest regarding the warfare connected Iran, calling for de-escalation and urgently appealing for a diplomatic resolution. “Nobody tin halt the warfare successful our portion successful the Gulf but you,” Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi told US President Trump successful March.

Egypt joined different determination countries arsenic portion of diplomatic parleys. Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty held calls with his Iranian counterpart connected Tuesday, portion President el-Sisi spoke to his Iranian counterpart Masoud Pezeshkian conscionable earlier the warfare started.

African Union

The African Union has condemned aggression against Gulf states and urged contiguous de-escalation to support planetary security. As the warfare drags on, the organisation has besides expressed sedate interest regarding the conflict’s interaction connected soaring nutrient and substance prices crossed the African continent.

Despite being 1 of the world’s largest oil-producing regions – accounting for astir 12 percent of planetary reserves – Africa inactive imports much than 70 percent of its refined fuel, according to the Africa Finance Corporation (AFC), a multilateral fiscal instauration created by African states. This has near galore nations there, peculiarly those similar Kenya with nary oregon fewer biocarbon reserves, exposed to marketplace volatility during the US-Israel warfare connected Iran.

In April, the AFC warned that the continent is connected people for an 86 million-tonne substance shortfall by 2040, underscoring the widening spread betwixt home accumulation capableness and increasing vigor demands.

Pakistan has played an important relation arsenic a mediator to assistance extremity the war. US Vice President JD Vance, centre, visited Islamabad successful April for talks [Jacquelyn Martin/AP photo]

South Asia

India – When the warfare began, India’s Ministry of External Affairs called connected each parties to “exercise restraint” and “avoid escalation”.

But Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s travel to Israel days earlier the warfare started has been termed “ill-timed”. New Delhi neither condemned the US-Israeli warfare connected Tehran nor the sidesplitting of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, though the country’s Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri signed a condolence publication astatine the Iranian Embassy successful New Delhi.

New Delhi has, however, condemned Iranian attacks connected nations successful the Gulf, a large root of India’s lipid imports and a destination for astir 10 cardinal Indian expats.

As the warfare has escalated with the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, Indian ships successful the strait person been attacked by Iran, and New Delhi has since urged Tehran to warrant the unimpeded transit and information of India-bound commercialized shipping.

Besides attacks, India has besides been impacted by the planetary vigor situation that began aft the war. In May, Prime Minister Modi urged Indians to enactment from home, debar planetary trips, and not bargain golden to code the situation.

Iran has besides opened a large diplomatic opening to India’s arch-foe, Pakistan.

People queue for liquefied petroleum state (LPG) cylinders astatine a state bureau successful Noida, India amid import disruptions linked to the Middle East war. India is simply a large importer of LNG and LPG, utilized chiefly for cooking and mostly sourced from the Middle East [Arun Sankar/AFP]

Pakistan – Immediately aft the US and Israel launched attacks connected Iran, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar “strongly condemned the unwarranted attacks against Iran and called for an contiguous halt to escalation done urgent resumption of diplomacy to execute a peaceful, negotiated solution to the crisis”.

Since then, Pakistan has positioned itself arsenic a cardinal mediator successful the US-Iran conflict, urging some sides to uphold ceasefires and utilising high-level diplomatic visits to Tehran to propulsion for a resolution. Pakistan was down the April 8 ceasefire signed betwixt the US and Iran, and has since helped beforehand talks to extremity the conflict. The state besides hosted US Vice President JD Vance connected April 13 for talks, though nary statement was reached.

US Vice President JD Vance meets with Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif during their gathering connected April 11, 2026 astatine Islamabad, Pakistan [Jacquelyn Martin/Pool/Getty Images]

Bangladesh and Sri Lanka – Dhaka has expressed interest implicit the warfare connected Iran and has called for an extremity to hostilities, portion Sri Lanka has tried to stay neutral. The economical interaction of the warfare has, however, severely affected Bangladesh arsenic good arsenic Sri Lanka.

In March, Sri Lanka’s President Anura Kumara Dissanayake said his authorities turned down a petition from the United States to onshore 2 US combat craft astatine a civilian airdrome and emphasised that the authorities was not going to instrumentality sides successful the conflict.

In aboriginal March, Sri Lanka’s navy besides rescued 32 Iranian unit from the frigate IRIS Dena aft it was torpedoed by a US submarine disconnected the country’s coast, sidesplitting astatine slightest 84 people. Days later, Sri Lanka evacuated much than 200 unit members from a 2nd Iranian vessel, IRIS Bushehr, aft the vessel requested assistance from Colombo.

China

China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has urged “an contiguous halt to subject actions” and appealed for “the resumption of dialog and negotiations” to support determination bid and stability. It stressed that “Iran’s nationalist sovereignty, information and territorial integrity should beryllium respected”.

Since then, China has played a quieter role, shepherding telephone calls and meetings with officials of Gulf countries. It has said it volition enactment with Pakistan to “make affirmative contributions to the aboriginal restoration of bid and stableness successful the Middle East”.

Last month, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi met his Chinese counterpart, Wang Yi, successful Beijing.

During the meeting, Araghchi said China is simply a adjacent person of Iran and bilateral “cooperation volition adjacent go stronger nether existent circumstances”, the Iranian Students’ News Agency reported.

Wang called for Iran and the US to reopen the Strait of Hormuz “as soon arsenic possible”, according to a Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement.

“China considers that a implicit cessation of warring indispensable beryllium achieved without delay, that it is adjacent much unacceptable to restart hostilities, and that continuing to negociate remains essential,” the connection added.

In April, China, alongside Russia, besides vetoed a UN Security Council solution spearheaded by Bahrain, which sought to “coordinate antiaircraft measures to support commercialized shipping successful the Strait of Hormuz”.

Russia

When the US and Israel struck Iran connected February 28, Dmitry Medvedev, lawman president of Russia’s Security Council, accused the US of having utilized its atomic talks with Iran arsenic a cover-up earlier subject operations. The country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs aboriginal urged the planetary assemblage to swiftly present an nonsubjective appraisal of what it called irresponsible ⁠actions that hazard ⁠further destabilising the region.

In April, Iran’s Araghchi visited Russia and met President Vladimir Putin, who pledged that Moscow would stay a staunch state of Tehran.

“We spot however courageously and ‌heroically the Iranian radical are warring for their independency and sovereignty,” Putin told Araghchi, saying helium hoped they could get done a “difficult period” and that bid would prevail.

“For our part, we volition bash everything that serves your interests, the interests of each the radical of the region, truthful that bid tin beryllium achieved arsenic soon arsenic possible,” Putin said, according to Russian authorities media.

In April, Russia said it would instrumentality successful Iran’s highly enriched uranium banal arsenic portion of a bid woody with the US.

“This connection was made by President Putin successful conversations with some the United States and determination states. The connection inactive stands, but has not been acted upon,” Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov told reporters successful the country.

ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – which includes Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Timor-Leste – has called for an extremity to hostilities successful the warfare and successful May besides expressed concerns astir the economical interaction of the war.

At a acme successful the Philippines successful May, ASEAN countries agreed connected measures aimed astatine reducing the interaction of the Iran warfare connected their economies, but conceded that the initiatives volition instrumentality sizeable clip to travel into effect.

Leaders besides agreed to make a determination powerfulness grid and substance stockpile, portion reducing their dependence connected vigor imports from the Middle East. ASEAN presently imports much than fractional of its crude lipid and 17 percent of its earthy state from the region, according to the bloc’s Centre for Energy. In precocious March, the Philippines became the archetypal state successful the satellite to state a nationalist exigency implicit dwindling vigor stockpiles.

Japan

Japan has expressed sedate concerns implicit the economical and geopolitical fallout of the US and Israeli strikes connected Iran.

The country’s premier curate has besides warned that shipping disruptions and vigor shocks are having an “enormous impact” crossed the Asia-Pacific region.

In May, Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi said that “the effectual closure of the Strait of Hormuz has been inflicting tremendous interaction connected the Indo-Pacific”.

On June 1, she spoke to Iran’s President Pezeshkian and urged him to scope an statement with the US arsenic soon arsenic imaginable and to guarantee that the Strait of Hormuz is unfastened to each vessels.

Tokyo, the world’s 4th largest economy, sources the bulk of its lipid from the Middle East.

Europe

European ⁠Commission President ⁠Ursula von der Leyen and European Council ⁠President Antonio Costa person called the struggle “greatly concerning” and urged each parties “to workout maximum restraint, to support civilians, ‌and to afloat respect planetary law”.

In a associated statement, the premier ministers of France, Germany and the United Kingdom said they “condemn Iranian attacks connected countries successful the portion successful the strongest terms” and stay committed “to determination stableness and to the extortion of civilian ⁠life”. They besides said they ‌want a resumption of US-Iran negotiations.

Separately, French President Emmanuel Macron ⁠called for an urgent gathering of the UN Security Council, ⁠saying the struggle carries “serious consequences” for planetary bid and security. “The existent escalation is unsafe for everyone. It indispensable stop,” helium said.

In April, the UK besides gathered overseas ministers from 40 countries to sermon options to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. The US was not among the countries attending the meeting, since US President Trump stated that securing the waterway is not his country’s job. So far, the strait continues to beryllium controlled by Iran.

The UK and EU person refused to articulation the warfare and militarily prosecute successful opening the Strait of Hormuz. This has infuriated Trump. But Britain has continued to let US jets to refuel and rearm from bases successful the UK.

Americas

Canada –  Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said the state stands with the Iranian radical and “reaffirms Israel’s close to support itself and to guarantee the information of its people”. He said Canada supports the US “acting to forestall Iran from obtaining a atomic weapon”.

In March, Carney said that helium could not regularisation retired his country’s subject information successful the escalating warfare successful the Middle East, aft earlier saying that the US-Israeli strikes connected Iran were “inconsistent with planetary law”.

Brazil – Brazil condemned US-Israeli strikes connected Iran arsenic violations of planetary instrumentality and has since been advocating for diplomatic mediation and addressing economical impacts connected its fertiliser imports. The state has besides been exporting crude lipid to China and India to code the planetary vigor crisis.

Mexico – Mexico has mostly avoided a definitive stance connected the US-Iran struggle and has alternatively focused connected different issues, specified arsenic addressing Iran’s relation successful football’s upcoming World Cup. In May, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum announced that her state volition big the Iranian nationalist shot squad during the June 11-July 19 World Cup, owed to tensions with the US. She added that FIFA, the planetary shot governing body, had approached Mexico astir hosting Iran, aft the US said it did not privation to bash so.

United Nations

The United Nations has warned that the warfare connected Iran is “out of control” and is threatening determination stability, with Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urging a diplomatic solution to debar an unmitigated catastrophe.

Since Donald Trump began his 2nd word arsenic US president past year, Washington has undermined the UN and the existing planetary rules-based order.

But successful May, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio urged the United Nations to unit Iran “to halt blowing up ships, region the mines and let humanitarian relief” successful the Strait of Hormuz, helium told reporters connected Tuesday.

“If the planetary assemblage can’t rally down this and lick thing truthful straightforward, past I don’t cognize what the inferior of the UN strategy is,” Rubio said.

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Aragchi shingle hands successful Beijing connected May 6, 2026. China has condemned the US-Israeli onslaught connected Iran but stopped abbreviated of offering subject enactment [Handout: China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs via Reuters]

Why person countries’ positions connected the warfare evolved?

Chris Featherstone, a governmental idiosyncratic astatine the University of York, noted that Trump’s refusal to acceptable retired the objectives of Washington’s subject enactment against Iran meant that it was hard for different nations to cognize however and erstwhile they could reason this action.

“Trump has antecedently launched focused, short-term attacks connected Iran,” helium told Al Jazeera. “As such, immoderate nations whitethorn person thought that they did not privation to reason Trump’s strikes if they were not going to past for long.”

But Featherstone noted that planetary absorption has accrued implicit the people of the war. “In part, this is owed to the magnitude of the conflict, which was initially unexpected, and successful part, this has been caused by the Trump administration’s handling of the conflict,” helium said.

“However, the Trump administration’s actions person shown that they aren’t wide connected however they privation to extremity this conflict, expanding concerns from different nations. The interaction of the blockading of the Strait of Hormuz has been global, and the Trump administration’s evident deficiency of knowing and readying for this interaction connected the planetary system volition person besides accrued concerns amongst nations.”

Featherstone noted that the Trump administration’s rhetoric grew successful extremity arsenic the struggle progressed.

“Whilst the ceasefire has not been wholly followed, it has brought immoderate stableness to the conflict; yet this stableness is undermined by the administration’s inaccurate comments connected the imaginable bid deal,” helium said.

“Finally, the interaction of this struggle has deed the outgo of surviving astir the world, and impacted the regular lives of millions, if not billions, of people. Governments astir the satellite volition beryllium feeling pressured to reason the struggle by their ain voters opposing it.”